![]() This implies that the species' extended color vision is more frequent than previously expected. The first evidence of color vision in the annulated sea snake was published in 2020, but this new study reveals that it is due to gene duplication rather than gene polymorphism. "We now think that there is a group of very interesting marine snakes that do." ![]() ![]() "We know and appreciate color vision, but there are almost no other snakes within all 4000 snakes that have it as good as us," Rossetto said, as quoted by New Scientist. The researchers also analyzed the entire genetic data from five snake species in the Elapidae family, including the blue-banded sea snake, cobras, and mambas, to determine if they all have this SWS1 color icated, it shows that the snake's ability to detect color is not a result of chance. cyanocinctus snakes have the SWS1, but it is not widely distributed, and individuals have it more as a "genetic lottery." Many species, especially tetrapods - a group of animals including amphibians, reptiles and mammals, have lost opsins as they adapted to new settings throughout their evolutionary history, but opsin regain are extremely unusual.Īlthough scientists do not know yet when this gene was regained and then du Previous studies revealed that some of H. Read Also: "Extinct" Deadly Sea Snake Allegedly Found in the Ocean's "Twilight Zone" We believe that recent gene duplications have dramatically expanded the range of colors sea snakes can see," Rossetto said. However, their sea snake descendants now occupy brighter and more spectrally complex marine environments. "The earliest snakes lost much of their ability to see color due to their dim-light burrowing lifestyle. Two have ancestral UV sensitivity, while the other two have evolved a new sensitivity to the longer wavelengths that dominate today's ocean ecosystems. The researchers discovered that annulated sea snakes have four complete copies of the visual opsin gene SWS1. In a study published in Genome Biology and Evolution, lead author Isaac Rossetto of the University of Adelaide and his team examined the published reference genomes and gene data on Hydrophis cyanocinctus, or the annulated sea snake, a species of venomous snake found in tropical and subtropical regions of Australia and Asia, by focusing on the visual opsin genes. ![]() If your starting point is a file with a list of NCBI assembly accessions, you can wrap the command shown above in a bash loop like this: cat assm_accs.txt | while read -r acc doĮsearch -db assembly -query $acc Here, I am first fetching the FTP path for the GenBank assembly using edirect tools and then use standard linux commands to download the genomic fasta file. | xtract -pattern DocumentSummary -element FtpPath_GenBank \įname=$(echo $line | grep -o 'GCA_.*' | sed 's/$/_/') If you want to download older assemblies, you will have to use Entrez Direct as follows: esearch -db assembly -query 'Bos taurus AND latest' \ Note Currently, only the latest assembly accessions for a taxon are in the scope of NCBI Datasets. Where assm_accs.txt has NCBI assembly accessions, one per each line. If you do want to use the command line, you can use the datasets CLI tool as follows: datasets download genome accession -inputfile assm_accs.txt -exclude-gff3 -exclude-protein -exclude-rna There is a web-interface to do this, if you don't want to bother with command line. If you have a list of NCBI assembly accessions with GCA or GCF prefixes, the easiest way to download data is to use the new tool NCBI Datasets. ![]()
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